To be loved or feared as a leader - 1706 Words

TO BE LOVED OR FEARED AS A LEADER? Leaders in fields ranging from military and politics to business and even education have been posed with the choice of instilling love or fear among their respective followers. Traits like warmth and trustworthiness of a leader instill love among followers and fear of a leader originates mostly from his strength and competence. Although there are numerous other traits in a leader, warmth and strength are the most influential. According to psychology, a major part of other people s perception about a person is determined by these two dimensions of personality (Cuddy, Kohut and Neffinger, 2013, p. 56). The dilemma of the choice between these two is inherently present in the nature of the two extremes†¦show more content†¦Furthermore, there s the story of the General who went way beyond the call of duty to personally know all of the officers training under him (Cohen, 2008, p.149). The General s gesture was one of pure warmth. This could be se en as an argument in favor of applicability of the love model in any organization regardless of its function and dynamics. Lastly, I would refer to the discussion in class where it was established that interpersonal skills that come from emotional intelligence and emotional quotient are much important for managers than technical skills that use academic intelligence and intelligence quotient. Based on the arguments so far, it would be safe to say that leadership can have much more to do with warmth and empathy than it is accredited for. And that the love model, like the fear model cuts across culture, fields and time. There is ample evidence to support both of the models of leadership under various circumstances. What determines the effectiveness of leaders is their ability to get an emotional response from followers. The response can be of fear or of love. According to Gittell, Ledeen and Maccomby (2004, p.15), what matters is the decision making. If the decisions taken by the lea der are fair, people will respond to both warmth and strength. But If the decision making is arbitrary, people will cease to respond to either emotion. However, experts differ in their opinions about whether fear is moreShow MoreRelatedTo Be Loved or Feared as a Leader? Essay1710 Words   |  7 PagesTO BE LOVED OR FEARED AS A LEADER? Leaders in fields ranging from military and politics to business and even education have been posed with the choice of instilling love or fear among their respective followers. Traits like warmth and trustworthiness of a leader instill love among followers and fear of a leader originates mostly from his strength and competence. Although there are numerous other traits in a leader, warmth and strength are the most influential. According to psychology, a major partRead MoreIs It Better to Be Loved or Feared as a Leader?1774 Words   |  7 PagesWhether a leader is feared or loved has been a debated issue by philosophers for many years. You could argue that a leader being loved is better because of the trust and motivation sides of things, or you could say to be feared is better because people follow rules and orders better. What is the role of government in human society? Whether being ruled under democracy, dictatorship, or autocracy all of these types of governments do however have one thing in common. All of these types of leadershipsRead MoreMachiavellis Views on Leadership- It Is Better to be Feared as a Leader than Loved 697 Words   |  3 PagesAccording to Machiavellis view of how to be an effective leader, a ruler should be one who is feared but not hated. Machiavelli states that fear is better than love because love is unreliable. All of the reasons that Machiavelli gives relate to how human nature controls men and drives them to commit crimes in order to reach their goals and satisfy themselves. Before the organization of Italy as a country, it was broken into city-states one of which Machiavelli called home. He was a FlorentineRead MoreNiccolo Machiavelli : Better For A Prince To Be Feared Than Feared In The Prince1516 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Niccolo Machiavelli (1810) asks whether it is better for a prince to be loved or feared in The Prince. The purpose of this essay is to argue that it is better for a prince to be feared than loved since the duty of a prince is to remain in power by any means necessary, using the example of Tsar Ivan. Supporting evidence of conflicting viewpoints will be analysed and evaluated throughout to help reach this judgment. The use of contemporary examples: President Trump and Colonel GaddafiRead MoreAnalysis Of Niccolo Machiavelli875 Words   |  4 Pagesholding his power in control without nourishing any hatred on themselves as a leader. A ruler sets an impression, reflecting how their subjects behave by his actions. Niccolo Machiavelli wrote his treatise â€Å"The Prince,† in 16th century Italy. As a political theorist, Machiavelli put his concerns towards cruelty and clemency and argues whether or not it is better to be loved than feared. Machiavelli advises future leaders arguing what makes an ideal ruler and the impact rulers would have on politicsRead MoreMachiavelli: The Power of Fear Essay845 Words   |  4 PagesNiccolo Machiavelli stressed that â€Å"one ought to be both feared and loved, but as it is difficult for the two to go together, it is much safer to be feared than loved†¦for love is held by a chain of obligation which, men being selfish, is broken whenever it serves their purpose; but fear is maintained by a dread of punishment which never fails.† He felt that a true leader must be cunning and deceptive, winning the hearts of his people through power and influence. If he could not be liked, he couldRead MoreTotalitarianism In The Prince By Niccol Machiavellis The Prince934 Words   |  4 Pagesthe novel those who follow Machiavelli’s teachings are not evil because in order to be a good and powerful leader one is required to show strong leadership, maintain domination for the benefit of citizens, and at times be feared ra ther than be loved. Machiavelli thoroughly explains that rulers should lead their people in how the world is instead of how it   the world should be. A strong leader is not concerned necessarily about what is right or wrong, but about what is most practical and effectiveRead MoreNiccolo Machiavelli s The Qualities Of The Prince And Lao Tzu1198 Words   |  5 Pages Government: A Profound Leader Since the being of time, humans have sought out law, or government. Governments have been set in place all throughout the world to try to maintain peace and order. As easy as it sounds, governments can be demolished without the right leader. However, that is the catch, what makes a good leader? Niccolo Machiavelli’s â€Å"The Qualities of the Prince† and Lao-Tzu’s â€Å"Tao-te Ching† gives some ideas on how a leader should control their government. Although Machiavelli’sRead MoreMachiavellis The Prince and its Role in Politics in the Renaissance757 Words   |  4 Pagesbeen debating over time. Machiavelli maintain the thoughts which is the essential for the cruel to a successful leader. To those of view points according to Machiavellis thoughts are the arguments that a prince is to be clement or cruel, to be feared or loved. Those significance are appeared in his written and plays the main role in his viewpoints. It is common to every leaders that wants to be thought as clement but not the cruel in his citizens mind. A good repetition of clement is notRead MoreThe Prince by Machiavelli1057 Words   |  5 Pageswere every prince should rather be feared than to be loved, study war and always be ready for it, and that in the case of two states in war always pick a side and never stray away from it. These characteristics were present in a strong and merciless ruler who used the three features above to govern over an entire country. Joseph Stalin might be seen as a mass murder, but his achievements and contributions to Russia proved that by being feared rather than loved, studying war and perfecting it, and

Theology of Revelation Essay - 2358 Words

Introduction Trinitarian theology within the book of Revelation is not at first sight easily recognisable amongst the plethora of images and prophecies that are recorded. The beauty of John’s theology is that the Trinity is deeply embedded in the text so that the reader must dissect the book in order to glimpse the theological beauty that is present. This essay will seek to explore the threads of the Holy Trinity that appear in the book of Revelation by looking at the characteristics of God, the specific Christology of John and the role of the Holy Spirit in the book of Revelation. In looking at each of these three areas as distinct yet overlapping threads I hope to give a succinct and scholastic Trinitarian theology of Revelation.†¦show more content†¦The first is, ‘the one who is, who was and who is to come.’ This is a â€Å"threefold phrase that serves to indicate the eternal nature of God, who exists before, after and above all other powers.† The second ti tle is the ‘first and the last’, this can be seen in Revelation 1:17, 2:8 and 22:13; relating to this is the third title of ‘the beginning and the end’. Both titles show God’s character as eternal in duration and as being in control. The last title is ‘the alpha and omega’, which according to Aune takes on, â€Å"the notions of pre-eminence and superiority.† The second grouping looks at how God is connected with things. For example this can be seen in the phrase, â€Å"the one who is seated on the throne.† Woodman points out that, â€Å"John’s point is clear: the emperor may sit on an earthly throne, but God is on the ultimate throne in heaven.† How God is connected to the throne is therefore not just a fact that is noted by John, but a metaphor of God’s ultimate rule and power. The throne by way of representation shows another characteristic of God. The third grouping is concerned with God’s b eing and attributes. These are many and varied and often overlap with Jesus and the Spirit but one area that is unique is the voice of God. This is recorded for example in chapter sixteen, â€Å"Then I heard a loud voice from the temple telling the seven angels, ‘Go and pour out on the earth the seven bowls of the wrath of God.’† A voice does notShow MoreRelatedThe Theology, Christology and Pneumatology of The Book of Revelation1741 Words   |  7 PagesThe Theology, Christology, and Pneumatology of the Book of Revelation are highly reflective of the social, political and religious context in which the book was written. Within the text, we find expressed the views of an author, and Christian community in general, challenged by the power and ideology of Rome, as well as having to re-imagine and re-comprehend their God, and divinity in general, in light of the revelation of Jesus Christ and the work of the Spirit among them. Before beginningRead MoreChristian Theology And The Biblical View Of Special Revelation2036 Words   |  9 Pages â€Å"Christian theology has had to protect the biblical view of special revelation against many perversions. Platonic preoccupation with â€Å"eternal ideas† accessible by rational contemplation alone, plus the disregard of history as a meaningful arena. † Acknowledging and identifying the Four Horseman in Rev. 6:1-8 King James Version is no different in the body of the church today. Many venues have tried to explain and teach expansions views of their current teachers/shepherds that really do not qualifyRead MoreChristian Theology And The Biblical View Of Special Revelation1961 Words   |  8 Pagesâ€Å"Christian theology has had to protect the biblical view of special revelation against many perversions. Platonic preoccupation with â€Å"eternal ideas† accessible by rational contemplation alone, plus the disregard of history as a meaningful arena. † Acknowledging and identifying the Four Horseman in Rev. 6:1-8 King James Version is no different in the body of the church today. Many venues have tried to explain and teach expansions views of their current teachers/shepherds that really do not qualifyRead MoreGod s Word And Identity : How We Decipher True From False Revelation? Essay1742 Words   |  7 PagesFalse Revelation Pass or Fail Class (P/D/F) Michael Fegins ET1000- Liturgical Shape of Christian Life December 22, 2016 How can a person know whether or not his or her revelation of God is valid? I believe that one can find answers in the writings of James Cone. In his writings, A Black Theology of Liberation, Cone writes a chapter entitled, â€Å"The Sources and Norm of Black Theology†. One of the sources that Cone mentions, as sources of black theology, is revelation. WhatRead MoreEssay on THEO 201 Quiz 1 study guide804 Words   |  4 Pages Things that were said before. What are the three presuppositions of prolegomena? 1: There is a God. 2: Truth exist. 3: A person can know the truth. What is the contemporary usage of the word â€Å"theology?† The science of religion or doctrine of the church. What is catechism? The study of theology stimulated by questions. What are five presuppositions for the task of theologizing? 1.there is a God and he has revealed himself. 2. That there are laws that are self-evident. 3. That man has theRead MoreWhat Is Theology Essay1008 Words   |  5 PagesWhat is theology? What does it explain if anything? According to the encyclopedia, it is related to the Greek Religion. In Christianity, the systematic study of the nature of God and Gods relationship with humanity and with the world. Although other religions may be said to have theologies, this is a matter of controversy within, for instance, Judaism , which holds that God is unknowable. This article will therefore confine itself to Christian theology. The development of theology in ChristendomRead More what is theology Essay995 Words   |  4 Pages What is theology? What does it explain if anything? According to the encyclopedia, it is related to the Greek Religion. In Christianity, the systematic study of the nature of God and Gods relationship with humanity and with the world. Although other religions may be sai d to have theologies, this is a matter of controversy within, for instance, Judaism , which holds that God is unknowable. This article will therefore confine itself to Christian theology. The development of theology in ChristendomRead MoreThe Philosophy And Philosophy Of Ibn Al- à ¸ Arab Æ’â„ ¢765 Words   |  4 PagesCategory: Religion/Philosophy/Islamic Philosophy and Theology The main themes of the book consist of epistemological tools, i.e. revelation, the human intellect, inspiration-unveiling used by Ibn al-Ê ¿ArabÄ « and Ibn Taymiyya, and a theological subject, the divine names and attributes that they have detailed elaborations on it. Synopsis: The purpose of the book is to focus on potential similarities found in epistemological hierarchies of Ibn al-Ê ¿ArabÄ « (d. 1240) and Ibn Taymiyya (d. 1328), and reflectionsRead MoreEssay about Knowing God1371 Words   |  6 PagesGod: The Doctrine Of Revelation Theology is the instruction concerning God or the deliberation of God.(Grenz, 2000, p.2) It endeavors to disclose the identity of God, the habitation of God, and the character, origin, position and importance of God. Humans commonly acquire information in three ways: through their senses, through their logic/reasoning, and through their faith which denotes confidence in the information given by another.(www.angelfire.com/nt/theology/theology/02rev.html) TheologiansRead MoreChristian Theology And Feminist Theology1699 Words   |  7 Pagestheologians to define the word â€Å"theology,† it is likely that they would hear ten different answers. Even within the various types of theology, for example, Christian theology, there are a wide spectrum of attitudes and beliefs. Even more so, if one were to compare evangelical theology with feminist theology, the differences would add up quickly. Two modern day theologians, Stanley Grenz and Catherine Keller, well known in their respec tive fields, have approached their theology from different backgrounds

Critical Issues in Business for Literature Review- myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theCritical Issues in Business for Literature Review. Answer: Introduction Today in the globalizing world, organizations are more concerned for managing and maintaining different business operations. Maintaining and managing the business operations is essential for organization to achieve e goals set for the organization success. Organizations operate in several tasks at a time that requires an efficient management system. In the process of achieving organization success in the global market these operation play a critical role as thee different operation at a time make an organization unique and successful. According to Nallusamy, (2016) this much importance of managing multiple operation of an organization makes it more important for organizations to analyse and revise its management system from time to time to make it more effective and efficient. Such strategic changes made in the organization management system of an organization helps it to take it on the heights of success in the global market. This literature review is a brief analytical understanding about several management learning that are essential to be understood for professionals to plan a strategic and efficient management system for an organization. Different factors that need to be consider for an effective system like, pervasive issue in business leadership, sustainability of the business, professional ethics of the organization, risk management, and other different global agenda that are important from business point of view for the organization growth. The research made to understand all the business leadership essentials of an organization and presented in this report shows different viewpoint of several researchers from the literature of business and management. Business leadership According to Huda, Mat Teh, Nor Muhamad, and Mohd Nasir, (2018) Business leadership in terms of an organization is defined as a technique of managing and directing a number of people to work for an organization in such a way that working together they can achieve the organization success meeting the organization goals and objectives. Globalization has made it an important aspect for organization to select people only with high efficiency and lead them in a right direction. Leading people is not that much easy therefore organizations need leaders of best quality with high efficiency. Leading people in right direction plays most important role in achieving the success as people working for the organization are the only critical element of an organization helping it for the same. When it comes to measure the success of an organization leadership of the organization plays a critical role (Tyssen, Wald, and Heidenreich, 2014).Leading people is all about encouraging people to enhance their effectiveness as well as their efficiency on terms of their productivity for the organization. Leaders with better leadership qualities need to regenerate and keep people enthusiastic for work along with directing them with proper guidance. Leadership issues Organization comprises of a number of people given different roles to them has better leaders to lead all these people in an effective manner. Each employee working for the organization needs some support and guidance at any stage of their work. This support and guidance people seek from the organization leaders is essential to make their work effective and efficient. According to Bird, and Mendenhall, (2016) in this process leaders need support and guidance of a diverse range, therefore leading so many people with different role assigned is not an easy task for leaders. Such diverse expectations of organization employees from their leaders justify the role of leaders in achieving the success for any organization. This also clears that leaders do face several issues that affect their efficiency and product as well. Yahaya, and Ebrahim, (2016), state that along with managing people leaders also responsible to manage other operations of the organization consisting of internal and exter nal operation and relation with market resources. According to Covin, and Miller, (2014) managing so many operations at a time creates a lot of challenges too for leaders including the management of their own work. Analysing all the responsibilities and roles of leaders in an organization, key challenges that leaders face while playing their role in an organization are as following: Developing people Inspiring employees Leading different teams Developing managerial effectiveness of the organization Guiding changes that need to be made for organization growth Managing internal stakeholders Developing people Developing people is defined as training people to execute their work in an efficient way so that they can enhance their productivity and effectiveness as well. In doing so, leaders need to deal with various challenging while monitoring and providing coaching to the employees. Inspiring employees Inspiring employees is a challenge for leaders as they need to motivate employees and make them feel satisfied with their work. Making employees feel like satisfied with the job is best way to motivate them but is also one of the most difficult tasks for leader. Leaders need to play with the psychological factors of employees to make them feel the same. Leading different teams Leaders are appointed to lead different teams that are supposed to perform different tasks. This requires having an understanding of a diverse range of operation and managerial styles to manage different teams at the same time. In this process of leading several teams at the same time leaders have to perform various tasks like, team building, team development, managing team, and monitoring teams. Specific challenges that leaders faces while leading different teams at a time include how to provide support, how to manage bigger teams, how to differentiate among different teams in terms of their requirements, and most importantly how to co-ordinate them in an effective manner. Developing managerial effectiveness of the organization This is the typical management issue that every leader has to face depending upon the responsibilities and size of the organization. Leaders have to manage their time and work in such a way that they can manage their work in such a way that makes the organization to achieve its managerial goals. Leaders have to manage the organization operations timing to achieve the maximum productivity of the organization as an individual. There are some other issues or challenges that the leadership of an organization face like, prioritizing among different activities, thinking for strategic changes, making decision for business growth, and managing the business in such a way that the organization can cope-up with the market changes along with ensuring the success as well. These leadership issues need to be tackle with much effectiveness as these are the business success drivers of an organization. Managing internal stakeholders Business management is not only about managing its employees and operation to get success. Leaders need to maintain a good relationship among the internal stakeholders of the organization. For this leaders are supposed manage the business policies, politics, and image in the market so that the organization gets a complete support from the stakeholders. These challenges also include getting managerial support, getting a smooth buy-in support from other departments. Sustainability and ethics of business According to Buxel, Esenduran, and Griffin, (2015), sustainability of a business is defined as continuing the work or business that the organization is doing over the time, as long as possible. This states that sustainability of a business is dependent on the strategic changes that are made to update its business policies and operation time to time. Beckmann, Hielscher, and Pies, (2014), states that since customer interest is the most important factor to make any business sustainable, organizations have to think about the maintaining the customer interest in their business. In this order to improve the sustainability of any business, a time to time evaluation of organization and its operation is much needed. To evaluate different factors affecting the sustainability of any business there are several tools and theory practices that can help an organization to evaluate its effectiveness. These tools are essential to be used to evaluate and assisting the organization to move in a right direction so that it can achieve the success in its own terms of objectives. This kind of help provided with these sustainability evaluating tools help an organization to take a competitive advantage too in the globalizing world. In corporate terms the sustainability of an organization is defined as corporate sustainability. This corporate sustainability has grown dramatically in terms of recognition and importance due to the globalization of corporate world. This concept of corporate sustainability is used by organizations to balance their business performance among several domains like, economic, social, and environmental. In the process of sustainable development every business has a big responsibility to identify its sustainability factors. In last 15 years, a number of solutions and standards have been developed to evaluate and identify the social, economic, environmental, and sustainability performance like, Advisory group on Corporate Social Responsibility, ISO, and many more (Gomes, Kneipp, Kruglianskas, da Rosa, and Bichueti, 2015). Along with sustainability development of a business it is important to follow business ethics that are essential for any organization. For organizations, operating or doing business in an ethical way means to distinguish between what is right and what is wrong. From this differentiation organizations have to choose the right choice. Chell, Spence, Perrini, and Harris, J.D., (2016), state that in general practice it is not easy to define thee business ethics in the form of hard-and-fast definitions. Organizations do business to give a competitive return to its shareholder along with treating its customers fairly to make it more sustainable. When it comes to the business ethics all the factors that may affect the environment and community in any manner are to be considered while preparing its business strategies. Along with all these considerations organizations also have to follow some standard codes of behaviour or ethics to create a better work environment for its employees as well as customers (Vitell, 2015). Risk and security Doing business is not that much safe. Every business has different types of risks associated with it. According to Salmela, (2016), in the process of making a business successful and sustainable, risks associated with the business are need to be managed in an effective way. These risks may be the key changers in the process of achieving the success and taking a competitive advantage. These risks associated with any business are influenced by various factors like, sales volume, input costs, economic climate, government policies and regulations, and competitions. Therefore, organization having higher business risks must follow a capital structure that provides a lower debt ratio. These business risks are classifies in different ways. Risk based on its effect are classifies as strategic risks, operational risks, financial risks, and hazardous risks. According to Ashenden, and Lawrence, (2016), ensuring the business security against such risks, an effective risk management has to be followed by the organization. This risk management consists of different elements like, identifying risks, analysing, and assessing risks. These risks must be analysed on the basis of their associated threats and opportunities. These risks are associated with different factors like, price fluctuations, political events, accidents, supply chain problems, and economic events as well. In order to ensure the business security, management of the organization has to manage these risks in such a way that they make no impact or less impact on the business. For this a number to tools and practices are used by the organization to prepare a strategies management system (Wong, and Brooks, 2015). Globalization and international agenda Voegtlin, and Scherer, (2017) states that the business changes that are making a company operating in one country to operate in multiple countries is called globalization of the business. This suggests that the word globalization refers to the changes that are moving the whole business from being self-contained countries and making the whole world integrated in terms of business. These changes that are dragging the world into the globalization have several impacts on the businesses. According to Tuca, (2015), these impacts can be categorised into two main categories as: Production globalization and market globalization. Lorange, P., Ichijo, K. and de Onzoo, S.I., (2018), states that globalization is the process of declining the barriers for companies in selling their products in other then their home countries. This suggests that such change of doing business in multiple countries will make it easier for companies to increase their sale by making business in several countries. In thi s process countries are reducing their tariffs and also lowering the restriction for crossing borders to make this more effective. According to Rahman, and Miah, (2017), production globalization can be defined as sourcing of material from multiple companies to make the business cost effective in terms of annual revenue. In this literature Rahman, and Miah, (2017), states that doing so makes it easier for companies to compare different prices of same material available from different countries and sourcing the material from the country suitable for the organization business. Entrepreneurship, and enterprise in business According to Hjorth, and Holt, (2016), states that entrepreneurship in a business can be scare in some cases as there is no guarantee of success in entrepreneurship without an effective and strategic planning that requires a lot of efforts from the organization management and after this it is associated with a number of risks. Risks in entrepreneurships are way more than that of in an established business. In case of enterprises number of risks associated with these is less. In the literature, Belwal, Al Balushi, and Belwal, (2015), state that the enterprises perception in students regarding business is completely different. In their literature they suggest that students in Oman have a perception that entrepreneurship is way more effective and can achieve new heights of success in a different manner. Their perception shows that entrepreneurs are more creative and innovative in terms of technical use for doing business. such innovation can take their business to new heights. Conclusion Above literature review concludes that there several business issues that are to be considered for a successful and sustainable business especially in the current globalizing environment of world for business. This current scenario of the world business has increased the importance of leadership in organization to take a competitive advantage and make their business more successful. In this process of making a business more competitive and sustainable challenges faced by leaders in managing the business in an effective way also need to be managed effectively. Literature on leadership issues of a business, discussed in the above literature review suggests that these issues must be considered with higher priority to make the business successful and sustainable in long term. Different issue of leadership also need to be handled according to their impact on the business. This process of managing issues of business also contributes in the sustainability development of the business. References Ashenden, D. and Lawrence, D. (2016) Security dialogues: Building better relationships between security and business.IEEE Security Privacy, 3, pp.82-87. Beckmann, M., Hielscher, S. and Pies, I. (2014) Commitment strategies for sustainability: how business firms can transform trade?offs into winwin outcomes.Business Strategy and the Environment,23(1), pp.18-37. Belwal, R., Al Balushi, H. and Belwal, S. (2015) Students perception of entrepreneurship and enterprise education in Oman.Education+ Training,57(8/9), pp.924-947. Bird, A. and Mendenhall, M.E., (2016) From cross-cultural management to global leadership: Evolution and adaptation.Journal of World Business,51(1), pp.115-126. Buxel, H., Esenduran, G. and Griffin, S. 2015) Strategic sustainability: Creating business value with life cycle analysis.Business Horizons,58(1), pp.109-122. Chell, E., Spence, L.J., Perrini, F. and Harris, J.D. (2016) Social entrepreneurship and business ethics: Does social equal ethical?.Journal of business ethics,133(4), pp.619-625. Covin, J.G. and Miller, D. (2014) International entrepreneurial orientation: Conceptual considerations, research themes, measurement issues, and future research directions.Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice,38(1), pp.11-44. Gomes, C.M., Kneipp, J.M., Kruglianskas, I., da Rosa, L.A.B. and Bichueti, R.S. (2015) Management for sustainability: An analysis of the key practices according to the business size.Ecological Indicators,52, pp.116-127. Hjorth, D. and Holt, R. (2016) It's entrepreneurship, not enterprise: Ai Weiwei as entrepreneur.Journal of Business Venturing Insights,5, pp.50-54. Huda, M., Mat Teh, K.S., Nor Muhamad, N.H. and Mohd Nasir, B. (2018) Transmitting leadership based civic responsibility: insights from service learning.International Journal of Ethics and Systems,34(1), pp.20-31. Lorange, P., Ichijo, K. and de Onzoo, S.I. (2018) Business Globalization: The Nightmare of Populism and the Hopes Brought by Technology. InBusiness Despite Borders(pp. 1-20). London: Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. Nallusamy, S. (2016) Frequency analysis of lean manufacturing system by different critical issues in Indian automotive industries. InInternational Journal of Engineering Research in Africa, 23, pp. 181-187. Rahman, S.M. and Miah, M.D. (2017) The impact of sources of energy production on globalization: Evidence from panel data analysis.Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews,74, pp.110-115. Salmela, H. (2016) Analysing business losses caused by information systems risk: a business process analysis approach. InEnacting Research Methods in Information Systems(pp. 180-216). London: Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. Tuca, S. (2015) Global Governance Vs. National Sovereignty In A Globalized World.CES Working Papers,7(1), p.193. Tyssen, A.K., Wald, A. and Heidenreich, S. (2014) Leadership in the context of temporary organizations: A study on the effects of transactional and transformational leadership on followers commitment in projects. Journal of Leadership Organizational Studies, 21(4), pp.376-393. Vitell, S.J. (2015) A case for consumer social responsibility (CnSR): Including a selected review of consumer ethics/social responsibility research.Journal of Business Ethics,130(4), pp.767-774. Voegtlin, C. and Scherer, A.G. (2017) Responsible innovation and the innovation of responsibility: Governing sustainable development in a globalized world.Journal of Business Ethics,143(2), pp.227-243. Wong, S. and Brooks, N. (2015) Evolving risk-based security: A review of current issues and emerging trends impacting security screening in the aviation industry.Journal of Air Transport Management,48, pp.60-64. Yahaya, R. and Ebrahim, F. (2016) Leadership styles and organizational commitment: literature review.Journal of Management Development,35(2), pp.190-216.

The Cause Of The Great Depression Essays - Financial Crises

The Cause Of The Great Depression The economic expansion of the 1920's, with its increased production of goods and high profits, culminated in immense consumer speculation that collapsed with disastrous results in 1929 causing America's Great Depression. There were a number or contributing factors to the depression, with the largest and most important one being a general loss of confidence in the American economy. The reason it escalated was a general misunderstanding of recessions by American policymakers of the time. The U.S. economy was booming in the 1920's. Stocks prices soared, as they were bought on margin for as little as 10% down. Market speculation is cyclical-that is, if one stock appears profitable, you buy it, which causes the price to rise and others to buy as well. However, the economy was not stable. National wealth was not distributed evenly. Instead, most money was in the hands of a few families who saved or invested rather than spent their money on American goods. Thus, supply was greater than demand, and some people profited, but others did not. As such, the bubble had to inevitably burst, since the stock market boom was very unsteady and people borrowed money on false optimism. Black Tuesday in 1929 was that bubble burster. In the summer of 1929, a few stock market investors began selling their stock. They predicted that the bull market might end soon, leaving them in debt. Seeing these few investors begin to sell, others soon followed to minimize their losses, creating a domino effect, which exacerbated the situation. Regardless of the governments attempt to place the modern equivalent of tens of billions of dollars into certain banks, the liquidation continued, as folks wanted out quickly at whatever cost. Many people lost as much as ten times their initial investment, which shook consumer confidence. In an effort to cover their margins, people rushed the banks in masses, demanding their money. Soon, banks began to run out of cash and went bust. With the economy falling in shambles and companies defaulting on loans, nearly all private and corporate investment ceased. Companies couldn't afford to expand, and in fact, many had to consolidate in order to cover the margins on their loans. This meant postponing hiring and laying workers off, which caused unemployment to skyrocket. With people now willing to work for less money, wages lessened too. At the same time prices rose in an attempt by companies to make some amount of profit off the goods. Because the governments' prevailing economic theory was based on laissez-faire economics, the government believed that recessions were self-correcting. Eventually unemployment and inflation stopped declining, but not before the U.S. lost 1/3 of it's output and 25% of the workforce was unemployed. In the end, it was World War II that brought us out of the Great Depression. With war at hand, the government began pumping massive amounts of money into the economy. Production and inflation increased. More jobs were available and wages rose. At the war's end there was a brief recession while the economy reacted to a loss of the money the government had been pumping in, but the big picture demonstrated American optimism for victory was high, and as such the faith of Americans in their country followed their increased patriotism. The market had finally corrected. Economics